![]() ![]() Our study provides new insights into the origin and evolution of Saccharum and accelerates translational research in cereal genetics and genomics. ![]() Sequencing data for 211 accessions in the Saccharum complex indicated that Saccharum probably originated in the trans-Himalayan region from a diploid ancestor ( xโ=โ10) around 1.9โ2.5 million years ago. An overall low rate of gene transcription was observed in the palaeo-duplicated chromosome EruChr05 similar to other grasses, which might be regulated by methylation patterns mediated by homologous 24โnt small RNAs, and potentially mediating the functions of many nucleotide-binding site genes. The complete assembly revealed that centromere satellite homogenization was accompanied by the insertions of Gypsy retrotransposons, which drove centromere diversification. Here we have generated a complete, gap-free genome assembly of Erianthus rufipilus, a diploid species within the Saccharum complex. A diploid genome in the Saccharum complex facilitates our understanding of evolution in the highly polyploid Saccharum genus.
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